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[2] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, May 24). Births rose for the first time in seven years in 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases/2022/20220524.htm
[3] Center for Medicaid and CHIP Services. 2024 Medicaid and CHIP Beneficiaries at a Glance: Maternal Health. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Baltimore, MD. Released May 2024.
[4] Valenzuela, C., & Osterman, M. (2023, May 25). Characteristics of Mothers by Source of Payment for the Delivery: United States, 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db468.htm
[5] Valenzuela, C., & Osterman, M. (2023, May 25). Characteristics of Mothers by Source of Payment for the Delivery: United States, 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db468.htm
[6] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Increase the proportion of pregnant women who receive early and adequate prenatal care - mich‑08. Increase the proportion of pregnant women who receive early and adequate prenatal care - MICH‑08 - Healthy People 2030. https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/pregnancy-and-childbirth/increase-proportion-pregnant-women-who-receive-early-and-adequate-prenatal-care-mich-08
[7] Martin, J., Hamilton, B., & Osterman, M. (2024, August 20). Births in the United States, 2023. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db507.htm#:~:text=The%20percentage%20of%20mothers%20receiving%20no%20prenatal%20care%20increased%205,2021%20(2.1%25)%20to%202022.
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[9] Interrante JD, Admon LK, Carroll C, Henning-Smith C, Chastain P, Kozhimannil KB. Association of Health Insurance, Geography, and Race and Ethnicity With Disparities in Receipt of Recommended Postpartum Care in the US. JAMA Health Forum. 2022;3(10):e223292. doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.3292
[10] Falck FAOK, Dhejne CMU, Frisén LMM, Armuand GM. Subjective Experiences of Pregnancy, Delivery, and Nursing in Transgender Men and Non-Binary Individuals: A Qualitative Analysis of Gender and Mental Health Concerns. Arch Sex Behav. 2024 May;53(5):1981-2002. doi: 10.1007/s10508-023-02787-0. Epub 2024 Jan 16. PMID: 38228983; PMCID: PMC11106200.
[11] The language used in this assessment reflects what is used in the literature (e.g., “women”). While it may accurately reflect the study data, it may not be inclusive of or relevant to the experience of gender-diverse individuals.
[12] World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision (ICD–10). 2008 ed. Geneva, Switzerland. 2009.
[13] Slaughter-Acey J, Behrens K, Claussen AM, et al. Social and Structural Determinants of Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: An Evidence Map [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2023 Dec. (Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 264.) Chapter 1, Introduction. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK598890/#
[14] Hoyert DL. Maternal mortality rates in the United States, 2022. NCHS Health E-Stats. 2024. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc/152992
[15] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024, June 3). Maternal health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/cdi/indicator-definitions/maternal-health.html#:~:text=Maternal%20health%20refers%20to%20women%27s,or%20infant%27s%20health%20at%20risk.
[16] Hoyert DL. Maternal mortality rates in the United States, 2021. NCHS Health E-Stats. 2023. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:124678
[17] Trost SL, Beauregard J, Njie F, et al. Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data from Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 36 US States, 2017–2019. CDC.
[18] Four in 5 pregnancy-related deaths in the U.S. are preventable. (2022b, September 19). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2022/p0919-pregnancy-related-deaths.html.
[19] Chin K, Wendt A, Bennett IM, Bhat A. Suicide and Maternal Mortality. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2022 Apr;24(4):239-275. doi: 10.1007/s11920-022-01334-3. Epub 2022 Apr 2. PMID: 35366195; PMCID: PMC8976222.
[20] Wallace M, Gillispie-Bell V, Cruz K, Davis K, Vilda D. Homicide During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in the United States, 2018-2019. Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Nov 1;138(5):762-769. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004567. Erratum in: Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Feb 1;139(2):347. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004671. PMID: 34619735; PMCID: PMC9134264.
[21] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2021, June 9). Maternal morbidity and mortality. National Institutes of Health. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/maternal-morbidity-mortality
[22] Declercq, E., & Zephyrin, L. (2021, October 28). Severe maternal morbidity in the United States: A Primer. Maternal Morbidity in the U.S. | Commonwealth Fund. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2021/oct/severe-maternal-morbidity-united-states-primer#:~:text=While%20maternal%20deaths%20in%20the,maternal%20morbidity%20can%20be%20avoided
[23] 2022 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2022 Oct. MATERNAL HEALTH. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK587184/
[24] 2022 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2022 Oct. MATERNAL HEALTH. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK587184/
[25] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2024, August 28). Parental Mental Health & Well-being. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/priorities/parents/index.html
[26] Grundy, A. (2024, January 8). Estimated revenue for Child Day Care Services climbed as child care options declined in 2021. United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2024/01/rising-child-care-cost.html
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[28] Thompson, V & Hasan, A. (2023) Medicaid Reimbursement for Home Visiting: Findings from a 50 State Analysis. National Academy for State Health Policy. Retrieved 11/20/2024
[29] HRSA Maternal & Child Health. (2024) The Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program. Retrieved on 11/20/2024
[30] HRSA Maternal & Child Health. (2024) The Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program. Retrieved on 11/20/2024
[31] Thompson, V & Hasan, A. (2023) Medicaid Reimbursement for Home Visiting: Findings from a 50 State Analysis. National Academy for State Health Policy. Retrieved 11/20/2024
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[33] Dodge KA, Benjamin Goodman W, Bai Y, et al. Maximizing the return on investment in early childhood home visiting through enhanced eligibility screening. Child Abuse Negl. 2021;122:105339.
[34] Thompson, V & Hasan, A. (2023) Medicaid Reimbursement for Home Visiting: Findings from a 50 State Analysis. National Academy for State Health Policy. Retrieved 11/20/2024